Index
Not all pages are listed, on which a certain entry appears. Often only those are given that contain the most important information or the beginning of a key passage, or a particularly informative Chapter or Part is indicated. Especially important references are listed in bold print.
Further comments are indicated by:= (is the same as...) and > (see...)
A
A = > "attention"
above / below 5-14 > up/down
abutting grating illusion 9 II,46
activation 1-37,43; 9-16
actual genesis 0-48; 1-18; 5-39; P6; 9-24; 10-30
- sabotage of a. research P0
- virtual a. 1-27; 4-37
actualization 0-45;1-18,24,37,43; 4-29; P5; 9-16
- bottom-up/top-down a. 3-41
- a. schema 6-16,60
- a. threshold 0-48; 1-18,26,36,43; 5-4; 8-36; 9-39
actual lysis 1-19; 6 VI; 9-24
additivity of illusion effects 11-11
adjacent retinal areas 2-15; 3-9
affective values 5-49
after-effect > figural after-effect
afterimages (negative) 0-48; 6 VII; 9-25; 10-22
agonistic / antagonistic 3-41
alignment 9-51
ambiguous figure 2-25; 5-37; 8-41; 11-32
angle 5-32; > R,
- phase a. 9-48
- tilt a. 9-49
"angleless pentagon" 6-37
anisotropy of space 5-16,42,45; 9-54
antagonism, functional 0-48; 2 II; 11-23,31;
> agonistic / antagonistic
- passive / active a. 2-40; 3-38
anthropological approach 0-13; 10-71
area > visual area > receptive retinal area (field)
arithmetic means 2-39; 5-3,14
arithmetic, axioms of 10-74
assimilation 8-43, 11-29 > contrast
association hypothesis, empiristic 8 I
asymmetry 11-5,24
- of search 11-82
attention 0-47; 1-19; 5-15; 6 IV,V; 8-3,6,12
- direction / withdrawal 6-47,55; 9-18
- everyday experience 6-45
- functional effects 3-11; 6-56
- role in actual genesis 6 V
- role in actual lysis 6 VI
- spatial gradient 6-47,56; 10-21; 11-5
- voluntary / involuntary 6-46; 8-19; 10-21, 27,74;11-5
attentive / preattentive 3-27; 10-73
average value 1-28; 3-12; 5-17,32
axioms of logic, arithmetic, and geometry 10-74
B
Baldwin illusion 11-5, 40
basic model of visual gestalt perception 1-17
basis row of interaction factors 8-12
bentness 5-29,48 > S
Berlin gestalt psychology / psychologists 0-37; 2-48; 6-40,69; 10 I,II; 10-43;
11-12; App. 7,9,10
> early gestalt psychology/psychologists
- compared with the ETVG 0-38,41
beta-movement 11-20
bipolarity of figure quality 2 I > polarity
black box 1-12
black / sharp-distinction 9-21,47 > Gml
blob / interblob cells 3-29 > single cells
blurred / sharp 1-35; 11-35
B-neurons / D-neurons 3-26
borderline 1-15 > Ll
bottom-up actualization 3-41
brightness 1-8
- b.assimilation 8-41
- b.contrast 8-41
- b.difference > Dm
- functional b. 1-22; 3-10,19
- material / phenomenal b. 3-35
brightness/lightness 3-11
Brücke-Bartley effect 11-39
C
C = complexity factor 11-47 > complexity
c = index for "contour" (borderline) 1-17; 8-11
calculation > computational system
Cartesian coordinate cross 5-38
cells > single cells
center-surround structure 3-7,31,33
central/peripheral 3-27
"channel capacity" 5-5; 6-48
change
- direction of c. 8-8
- stimulus c. 8-8
- perception of c. 7 III
- phenomenal c. 8-8
- c. velocity > Gmt
"circle with cross" => ring with cross
circular processes 10-22 > antagonism
clairvoyant images 0-19; 6 VII; 9-26; 10-33
closedness / openness 1-38; 2-5,21; 4-15; 5-4; 6-17; 8-34,36 > Fl > Fd > Fs > Ft
cluster 2-19,37 > L-factors
cognition / perception 10-73
color 1-7,8; 3-25 > brightness
- affective value of c. 5-49
- as differentiation of brightness 1-8
- functional c. 1-22
"command from above" 3-33; 9-11
compactness 5-25 > E
complementary notation 8-12
complementary retinal area 0-46; 2-42
completion 9-15
complexity 5-37,43; 6 I; 10-4; 11-42, 46, 85 > hierarchical order
- c. factor > C
- factor-based c. 6 I, 6-62
- order-level c. 6 I, 6-57
complicatedness 6-3
composedness 6-3
computational system 2-39; 5-3
condensing effect of Ll 9-19
connections
- global c. 0-14
- neuronal c. 3-4,43; 4-37
consciousness 0-49, 5-6, 10-71 > MC > PC
constancy hypothesis 0-45; 1-9,22; 2-50; 10-8
contiguity, law of 4-10
continuation > Ll
contour 1 III, 1-15
- anomalous c. 9-3
- cognitive c. 9-4,16
- factors 1 III
- illusory P9 > "subjective" c.
- inner / outer c. 1-15
- objective, material, real c. 9-3,5
- phenomenal/functional c. 9-5 > MPC > NPC > MFC > NFC
- c. "sharpness/blackness" 9-21,47; 11-35
- "veridical"/"illusory" c. 9-9 > "subjective" c.
contrast
- brightness (color) c. 8-43
- edge c. 8-48
- field c. 8-48
coordinate factors, effects of 3-30; 5-33
coordinate system 5-3,41
- egocentric c. 5 II
- geometric c. 5 III
corner, sharp / round 5-47
correlate 1-17; 2-43; 3-25
correlation 1-23
Correspondence of Functions Hypothesis 3 I
Correspondence of Interactions Hypothesis 3 III
Correspondence of Levels Hypothesis 3 II
counter course 5-21, 23; 6-15
counting 5-5; 8-34; 10-74
course of a line 6-37, > Lt > non-monotonic curve > NPC
cover-up of research sabotage 0-32
Critical Flicker Frequency 11 II
criticisms
- of Berlin gestalt psychology 0-38, 10 II
- of the ETVG 10 I, 10 IV
- of Grossberg theories 10 V
"current theory" (Köhler) 10-17
curvedness 5-29; 6-22; 9-22,38 > S
D
d = index for "depth" (third dimension)
D-factors 7-7 > Dm > Dl > Dd > Dt
Dd = factor "depth difference" 7-7
de-actualization 1-19 > actualization
Delboef illusion 8-27; 11-25
Depth brightness gradient =>Gmd
depth 1-23; P7
- d. difference => Dd
- functional d. 1-23
- d. movement 7 IV, 7-14
- d-velocity > Gmt
descriptive terms 0-30
detection 1-36; 2-3,44 > perception
- threshold 9-39
"detector" 2-44; 3-27; 4-35
development
- empiristic d. hypothesis 4-3
- of function sensitivity 4-24
- of object adequacy 6-28
- of visual perception in infants 0-22; 4-17,21; 5-41
-- of v.p. in preschool children 5-43
differentiation of percepts
direction 1-8; 5-20 > V > H
- of change 8-8
disappearance of figure parts 6-51
discriminability 8-22; 11-III
discrimination of texture 11-77
discrimination time rank order 11-70
disparity 1-9
distance / size relationship 10-24
"distortion" effect 6-17
Dl => factor "location difference" 1-29; 4-11; 7-7
Dm = factor "brightness (color) difference" 1-18, 29; 4-11; 7-7
D-neurons / B-neurons 3-25
dogma 1-32
double quality (perception) 2 I
- polarity of d.q. 2-9
Dt = factor "time difference" 7-8
dualistic > model of reality
dynamics 0-47; 10-16
E = factor "elongatedness / extendedness" 5-23; 6-22,77
early gestalt psychology 0-39,41,44; 1-9,24; 2-18; 3-3,43; 4-6; 6-7,13,18; 8-12,31,32,36,39; 9-38; 10-8,57; 11-4,11,12,45; App. 9,13 > Berlin gestalt psychology
"early gestalt psychologists",
i.e. those psychologists mentioned in the text, who published in the German language within the constructs of either the school of Berlin (B) or the school of Leipzig (L) gestalt psychology.
B1 to B5 (B) P10
Butzmann (L) 0-29; 6-16,34; 9-25
Ehrenstein (B) 9 II, 9-37,46
Goldmeier (B) 11 III
Gottschaldt (B) 4-6
Graefe (B) 5-42
Graumann (L) 0-29
Hartmann, L (B) 11-39
Hausmann (L) 0-34
Kanizsa (B) 2-17,18; 9-3,22,31; 11-35
Kenkel (B) 11-20
Klemm (L) App. 10
Koffka (B) 0-38,42; 1-12; 4-6,7; 8-39, 43; 9-39
Köhler (B) 0-39; 10-16
Lindemann (B) 11-19, 20
Metzger (B) 0-13,44; 1-9; 2-6; 3-3; 6-13,40; 9-39; 11-78; App. 8
Rausch (B) 11-12
Sander (L) 0-13,23,33; 1-18; 6-13,16; 10-5,30; App. 16
Spillmann (B) 9-3,46,53
Stadler (B) 0-32
Undeutsch (L) 0-28,34,37
Volkelt (L) App. 16
Wellek (L) 0-31,35,37; 10-29
Wertheimer (B) 0-43; 6-7; 8-32,33; 9-39
Wohlfahrt (L) 0-25,29,42; 6 II,III,V; 9-24; 10-29
Ebbinghaus illusion 8-28
- abbreviated E. 8-26,30
edge contrast 8-48
edge type illusory contour 9 I, 9-39
effect > phenomenal effect
egocentric coordinate system 5 II,23 >geometric coordinate system
Ehrenstein illusion 9 II
Element theory (Elementarists) 1-9,22; 10-13 > structuralism
Element theory/Ganzheit theory 10-13
E-line 5-25
elongatedness/extendedness factor => E
empiricists 4-6
Empiristic Association Hypothesis 3-42; 8 I
Empiristic Development Hypothesis 4-3
Empiristic Interaction Theory P8
"end-gestalt" 6-13
end-percept 6-13
end-point 5-29 > line-end
end-stopped cells 3-47
epiphenomenon 9-35
ETVG - a new paradigm candidate? App. 3
ETVG, characteristics 0-45
ETVG, compared with
- Berlin gestalt psychology 0-37; 10 II
- Grossberg theories 10 V
- Leipzig gestalt psychology 10 III
ETVG
- essential limitations 10 VII
- present limitations 10 VII
event > Gmt
evolutionary level > model of reality
experience 1-11,17; 10-9,12
> consciousness
- psychic/mental 10-72 > MC > PC
explicit / implicit memory or learning process 4-4,6,35
extendedness > E
extension 5-22,30
extrasensory perception 0-19; 6 VII; 10-33 > clairvoyant images
eye movements 5-11
eye musculature 3-14
eye muscle innervations 0-22,47; 1-4; 5-11
F
"FACADE theory" (Grossberg) 10 V
facilitation/inhibition 3-31
fake of data 0-26
fatigue effect 8-37
F-factors > Fl > Fd > Fs > Ft
Fd = factor "depth closedness/ openness", "depth figure/outfield" 7 III
feature 4-35
- f. detector 2-44
field
- f. contrast 8-48
- depth f. => Ld
- figure f. 8-41
- lateral f. => Ll
- phenomenal / functional f., matching / non-matching f. 9-12
- receptive f. > receptive retinal area
- time f. => Lt
- visual f. 1-17
figural after-effects 10-16
figure P1; P2; 6-13
- depth f.=> Fd
- f. factors P1; P2; P3; P4; P7; P8; P9
- - as memory contents P4; P7
- f-field 8-14
- first-order f. 6 I > complexity
- lateral f.=> Fl
- line f. 5-25,46; 8-41 > E-line
- f. perception system 5-3
- f. quality P1; P2
- time f. => Ft
- what is a f. 1-13
"figuredness" 1-38
figure-ground relationship 2-29; 3-32
figure/outfield perception P1; P2; P3; P4
figure/outfield system ("figure in its outfield") 0-47; 1-17; 2-8,21; 6-9; 8-10 > ico
"filling-in" 3-33; 6-33; 9-25; 10-49
first-to fourth-order figure 6 I >complexity
fist-experiment 11-24
Fl = factor "lateral closedness/openness" 1-38; 2-21; 4-14; 6-17,78; 8-34
"forces", external/internal 0-38; 10-29
forgeries
- of German psychologists > sabotage
- of Graumann 0-29
- of Sander 0-25,34
- of Undeutsch 0-28,35
- of Wellek 0-31
form 1-17; 5-3
- affective value of f. 5-47
- f. perception P5; P6
- - five systems of form perception 5-3
formalizing the gestalt laws 8 II
formation of the gestalt factors 4-10
formative effects 1-42; 2-45; 6-18,28; 10-28 > phenomenal effect
- f. of coordinate factors 5-33
form factors P 5; P6; 7-23 > E > M > S >R
- functionology of f. 6-62
- hierarchy of f. 5 III,21
"formless disk" 5-41; 6-36
Four-Manner Four-Level Model of Reality 10 VI > model of reality
fovea 1-8
"free" / "bound" end 5-48
Fs = "combined spacial closedness/ openness factor" 7-19
Ft = factor "temporal closedness / openness", time figure / outfield 7-25; 11-37
functional sphere of being P1, P2
function carrier 3-5,27
function sensitivity 4-24
functions, physical / psychical 1-12,44
functiona / phenomenal
- brightness 3-7,10; 10-13
- location 3-7,10
functionological theory P3
functionology P3, 3-19
- of neuron / gestalt factor 3-5
future of perceptual science 7-32
G
G-factors 7-7 > Gml > Gdl > Gmd > Gmt > Gdt > Glt
Ganzfeld 1-29
Ganzheittheory 0-15; 2-48 > Elementtheory
gaze behavior of infants 4-17,21
Gdl = factor "lateral depth gradient" 7-10,25
Gdt = factor "temporal depth gradient" 7-14,25
Genetic Ganzheit Psychology 2-48 => Leipzig gestalt psychology
geometric coordinate system 5 III
geometric-optical illusions 2-29; 5-33
geometry, axioms of 10-74
German Association for Psychology 0-33,36
"gestalt" 0-28,39; 1-9; 6-13; App. 16
gestalt factors / functions 1-18,43; 4-3
- formation of g. P4; P5; P7
- ontogenesis of g. 4 II
- general properties of g. 3-5
- as memory contents 4 I > phenomenal effects
gestalt laws 0-46, 8 III; P9 > X...laws
- dynamic form of g.l. 0-47
- formalizing 8 II
- procedure of interpreting facts 8-14,27; 9-32
- standard notation 8-12
- syntax 8-7
- validity check 8-15
gestalt
- g. location 0-47; 8-8
- g. perception 0-45; 1-9
- - basic model of g. perception 1-17
- - expanded model of g. perception 1-39
- g. psychologists 0-20; 1-9,22,24; 2-7; 3-3,43; 4-37; 8-12,31,32,36,39 > Berlin gestalt psychology > Leipzig gestalt psychology > early gestalt psychologists
- g. quality 0-45; 1-18,43; 2 I,11; 4-3,5
- g. stimulus 0-45; 1-18,43; 2-49; 3-5; 4-3,5
- - specific/unspecific g.s. 1-43
- g. tendency 1-9; 2-48,
- g. theory 2-48
global / local 3-27
Glt = factor "lateral velocity" 7-14,25
Gmd = factor "depth brightness gradient" 7-11,25
Gml = factor "lateral brightness gradient" 1-33; 2-14; 4-13; 6-79; 7-9,25
Gmt = factor "temporal brightness gradient" 7-13,25
"good continuation" 8-40; 9-39 > Ll
"good gestalt" 0-25,38; 6-13,28
Grossberg theories 10 V
- criticisms of G. 10V
grouping factor (law) 6-7; 11-49
H
H = factor "horizontality" 2-47; 5-11; 6-22
happening => Lt
"Here is something bright (dark)" 1-25 > Pml
Hering illusion 5-33
Hermann grid 8-42,46; 9-23
hierarchical order 0-45
- influence of h.o. on perception P6;
11 III > complexity
- of factors at 1st to 5th level 1 III,32; 2 I; P7
- of factors at 6th to 10th level P5; P6; 5-21
- of visual neurons P3
hierarchical process of memorization 4-9
hierarchy 1-18,21,24,32; 6-27,
higher-order figure and figure / outfield P6
"hole" 2-28
holistic 1-9,15,24,39; 10-9
homogeneity > G-factors
- lateral P2
horizontality factor => H
"hypercycle" 10-63
I
i = index for "infield" 1-17; 8-11
ic = index for "figure" (infield + contour) 8-11
ICC = Individual Cosmic Consciousness > MO
ICM = Individual Cosmic Matter 10-77
ICO = Individual Cosmic Order 10-64
ico-locations 8-9
ico-relationships 8-15,22,27,28
ico-structures 6 I
ico-system 1-17; P6; 8-10
illusion effects, additivity of 11-11
illusions 1-3,42; 2-23,45; 8-51 > Abutting grating, Baldwin, Delboef, Ebbing- haus, Ehrenstein, geometric-optical ill., Hering, Hermann grid, Kanizsa triangle/square, Kappa, Koffka ring, Moon, Müller-Lyer, Necker cube, Oppel-Kundt, Poggendorf, sector ill., "subjective" figure/outfield, TAU, vase/ faces, Zöllner
illusory > subjective
illusory / veridical > subjective > veridical
implicit / explicit learning process 4-6,35 > memory
infield / outfield P2 > Fl > Fd > Fs > Ft material infield / outfield 8-9
infield-contour-outfield => ico
infinite / finite 5-7; P7
informative effect 2-43 > phenomenal effect
inhibition / facilitation 3-31
information processing 1-40; 10-6
inhomogeneity > G-factors
inhomogeneity / homogeneity 2-5
input / output 1-42
inspace / outspace 5-37; 7-21
interaction factors, basis row of 8-12
interaction, directions of 3-40
- Theory P8
interstripe / thin stripe cells 3-29
interrelationships 0-40
io 8-11
i,o 8-11
isomorphism axiom 10-14,71
K
Kanizsa square (triangle) 2-46; 3-40; 8-47; 9 I
Kappa effect 8-21
Koffka ring 8-42
L
L-factors > Ll, > Ld, > Ls, >Lt
l = index for "lateral" (two-dimensional, plane) 1-31
latency 8-20; 11-43,70
lateral
- actualization 3-41
- brightness gradient => Gml
- closedness / openness => Fl
- depth gradient => Gdl
- facilitation / inhibition 3-31
- line/field => Ll
- velocity > Glt
Law (factor) of good continuation 0-39; 8-40; 9-39 > Ll
- of > Prägnanz
- of proximity 0-39; 8-33
Ld= factor "depth line/field" 7-17
learning > memory > empiristic
left / right 5-9,12
"Leib/Seele"- problem 10-70
Leipzig gestalt psychology 0-20,23,41; 2-48; 4-37; 10 III > "early gestalt ps."
length / width 5-25
lengthening effect of Ll 9-19
level > hierarchical order
- evolutionary l. 1-17 > model of reality
- inorganic l.
- mental l
- order l. 6-4
- physical / psychical l. 1-17
light energy 1-23; 2-33
lightness / brightness 3-11
line
- borderline > Ll
- course l. > Lt
- depth l. > Ld
- l.-end, "free" / bound" 5-47
- l.-figure 5-4,25; 8-41 > E-line
- lateral l. > Ll
- l. length 8-49
- l. spacing 8-48
- time l. > Lt
line-end type illusory contour 9 II
line / field factors > Ll > Ld > Ls > Lt
Ll = factor "lateral line/field" 1-36; 2-19; 4-14,20; 6-75,78; 8-35; 9-9,19
local g lobal 3-27
local value 1-8; 5-3,9,16
location
- l. difference => Dl
- functional / phenomenal l. 1-23; 3-10,13; 4-21; 8-8
- gestalt l. 8-9
- ico-l. 8-9
- material l. 8-9
- lateral l. > Ll
- physical / psychical l. 8-8
locus 1-23 > location, lateral
logic, axioms of 10-74
Ls = "combined spacial line/field factor" 7-17
Lt = factor "time line/field" 7-25
luminance 1-9,22
M
M = factor "measurement equality" 2-47; 5-22,30; P6,76
m = index for "modal" (brightness,color) 1-29
Mach bands 8-49
Maltese cross 6-55
manner > 10 VI
matching / non-matching > MFC > MPC > NFC > NPC
spheres of being 10 VI
materiological / functionological stimulus concept 2 IV
matter 0-49; 1-12,17 > model of reality
MC = Mental Consciousness 10-64,71,76
measurement equality factor => M
memorization 4-9,29; 5-12
- phenomenological / functionological concepts of m. 4-7,31
- hierarchical process of m. 4-9,31
memorized objects, concepts of 4-31
memory 0-22, 43; P4
- creative m. 4-34
- "free" / "bound" m. 4-31
- implicit, explicit m. 4-4,6,32; 10-12
- input/output of m. 5-11
- m. content 0-25,46; 4 I, 4-3,36; 5-11> gestalt factor
- structure and function of m. 4 III
MFC = matching functional contour 9-11
microgenesis > actual genesis
mind / matter problem 10-70
model of gestalt perception 1-39
model of information processing 1-39
model of reality 10 VI
- dualistic m. 1-13; 9-6; 10-69
- Four-Manner m. 10 VI
- monistic m. 0-17,45
- Three-Sphere m. 10 VI
- trialistic m. 0-45,49; 10-11
moment => Pt
monistic > model of reality
Moon illusion 8-24, 11-16
"moon in the sky" P1; P2
moreness 5-7; 6-3
Morpholyse 6-13
mosaic of sensations 1-9
motion perception P7
movement, depth m. P7
movement, lateral m. P7
movement, single m. P7
MPC = matching phenomenal contour 9-5
- origin P9 > MFC
MP field 9-12
Müller-Lyer illusion 1-5; 2-46; 11-7
N
nativists 4-6
Nazi network 0-29,34
Necker cube 2-25; 5-37; 8-39
negative afterimages 6 VII; 9-25; 10-22
neon color spread 10-48
neurobiology 1-11; 2-48; P3, 3-3; 4-37; 9-55
neuron, general properties 3-5
- special properties 3 II > single cells
NFC = non-matching functional contour 9-11 > NPC
non-monotonic function / curve 11-13, 30
normative effect 2-46, > phenomenal effects
NPC = non-matching phenomenal contour P9
> "subjective " figure/ outfield > NFC > NP field
- course of N. 9-22,37
- origin of N. 9-10
NP= non-matching phenomenal field 9-12
number
- n. factor > Q
- n. of lines 8-47
- n. perception system 5-3
- n similarity 11-61
nystagmus 4-18,23; 6-52
O
o = index for "outfield" 1-17; 8-11
obliqueness >T
oculomotor system 5-3,8
oneness / moreness 5-7
ontogenesis of the figure factors P4, P7,
ontogenesis of the quantity, orientation and form factors P5
openness >closedness / openness
Oppel-Kundt illusion 11-17
order level > complexity
orientation 5-20,23,30; 9-53
orientation factors > V > H > T
orientation similarity 11-61
orientedness aspect 5-19
orientedness / tiltedness factor > T
outfield
- depth o. > Fd
- lateral o. > Fl
- time o. > Ft
outspace 5-37; 7-21
"overshooting" effect 9-9
P
paradigm change, new p.candidate App. 3
parallelism factor > R
parasciences >extrasensory perception
PC = psychic consciousness 10-9,64,71
Pd = depth function 7-5
perception >gestalt perception
- p. of the solid 7 III
- change p. 7 IV
- p. of change velocity 7 IV
- complex p. P6
- cognitive p. 9-30
- contour p. P1
- depth p. P7
- double p. 2-3
- extrasensory p. 6 VII
- field p. P2
- figure/outfield p. P1; P2; P3; P4; P7
- form p. P5; P6
- illusory p. > "subjective" figure/outfield
- motion, movement p. P7
- sensory p. 1-7,9
- static, two-dimensional p. P1 to P6; 10-51
- time p. P7 > Ft
- - line/field p. > Lt
PF = psychic function 10-9,64
perception/cognition 10-73
phase angle 8-48
phenomenal effects 0-46; 2 III,43,48; 6-18 > see the particular gestalt factors
- > informative, > formative > normative p.e.
- of contours and fields > "subjective" figure / outfield
- phenomenal / functional brightness 3-7
- phenomenal / functional location 3-7
(photo)receptors 1-7,17
phrase 8-12
physical factors => Z
physiological processes 3-18
Pl = location function 7-6 > local value
plagiarism 0-29
Pm = brightness (color) function 2-41; 7-6
Pmldt = general perception factor 7-5
Pml = (sub)factor "here is something bright" 1-25; 3-7,25; 4-10; 7-6
- center-surround structure 3-7
Poggendorff illusion 5-33
polarity (phenomenal) of quality P2; 2 I, 2-9; 8-8,10
polarity/antagonism 0-46; P2
polarity law 8-3
polarization 2-13,19,22,42; 3-23
positive (+) / negative (-) 0-46; 2-11
"Prägnanz", Law of 0-38,46; 1-9; 2-47; 4-6; 6-16 > see the particular factors
"pre-gestalt" 6-13 = > pre-percept
pre-percept 6 II,V
"primitive unity" 1-21; 10-35
probability 2-26
progression of the actualization >actual genesis
projection 1-12
"proximity, Law of" 0-39; 8-33
psychic factor => gestalt factor
psychic / mental consciousness 10-47
psychophysics 2-48
Pt = timer function, moment 7-7
Q
Q = "quantity" factor 5-4; 6-75,77; 10-74
quantity factor => Q
R
R = factor "rectangularity / parallelism" 2-47; 5-31; P6,75
reaction time 11-70
receptive retinal area (field) 0-46; 1-29 2-33; 3-7; 9-32 > Pml > Dm > Dl> Gml >Ll > Fl
- first- or higher-order r. 3 IV
rectangularity / parallelism factor > R
regression of actualization > model of reality
reversal figure > ambiguous figure
right angle > R
"ring with cross" 6 VII
row 2-18; 8-34 > L-factors
S
S = "straightness" factor 2-47; 5-22,27; 6-22,75; 9-38
s = index for "space" (l,d)
sabotage in visual science 0-23; App. 3
> cover-up of s. 0-31
saccade 0-47; 5-9
sameness 2-35
saturation 8-37
scale of measurement
- absolute / relative s. 2-11,37; 5-6
- objective / subjective s. 2-11
- "vertical" / "horizontal" s. 5-13
search asymmetry 11-82
second-order figure 6-5; 8-33
sector illusion 8-37
self-amplifying 9-17
sensory stimulus / gestalt stimulus 10-11
sensation 1-7,22
sharp / black 9-47 > Gml
sharp / blurred 1-35
similarity 1-15; 8-3; 11 III
- s. classes 10-33
- s. rank order 11-56, 63
single cells 0-21,47; 3-27; 4-36; 8-9
signal / noise 11-83
size / distance law (relation) 10-23
size-relation law 2-27; 11-31,57
solid 7 III, 20
space 1-8; 7 III
spatial gradient > attention
spheres of being 0-49; 1-17; 4-3; 10 VI
square / diamond 2-47
stabilized images 6-52,69
standard notation 8-12
"star" as target 9-26
stimulus 1-11
- change 8-8
- concept 2 IV
- sensory s.1-11,17; 2-49; 6-13
- gestalt s. > gestalt stimulus
- gestalt st. / sensory st. 2-49; 10-10
- of a neuron 3-5
straight / curved 9-22,38
straightness factor > S
"strength" of a contour 9-21
strengthening effect of Ll 9-19
structuralism 3-3; 4-37 > Element theory
"subjective" figure / outfield, contour / field 3-29,40; 6-17; P9, 9-13 > MPC > NPC > NP field > NFC > MFC
- edge type 9 I
- line-end type 9 II
summation of functional activations 9-16
"sum of Dls" 2-19; 8-41,46; 9-19,22,38
superfigure 6-4
surface 7-19,21; 9-14; 10-56
symmetry 0-39; 11-58 > form factors
symmetry axis 0-40; 5-38; 11-59
syntax of gestalt laws 8 II > formalizing
synthesis of Element theory and Ganzheit theory 10-13
T
T = "tiltedness / orientedness" factor 2-47; 5-15,17; 6-22
t = index for "time", (temporal)
TAU phenomenon 8-23
temporal brightness change => Gmt
temporal figure / outfield => Ft
temporal closedness / openness => Ft
texture 6-9
- t discrimination 11-77
thin line 5-25
thin stripe / interstripe cells 3-29
three-dimensional perception 7-17
Three-Sphere Model of Reality 1 III, 1-17,21; 2-50; 5-8; 9-6; 10-60
threshold
- actualization t. > actualization threshold
- detection t. 9-39
- increment t. 9-41
- sub / super-t. 1-26; 9-16
tilt angle 9-49
tiltedness aspect 5-17 > T
"tiltedness / orientedness" factor => T
time, functional 1-23; P7
- infinite t. 7 III
- t. order error 8-20
time difference => Dt
time infield / outfield 8-20,22 > Ft
top-down actualization 3-41
transformation rules 8-15
"transphenomenal psychic being" 10-29
trialistic model of reality > Three-Sphere Model of Reality
twoness 5-5,20; 6-5
Two-Sphere Model 2-50
U
UCM = Universal Cosmic Matter 10-63
UCO = Universal Cosmic Order 10-63
"unconscious", "primitive/sophisticated" 4-8
unipolarity of Pml perception 3-10
up/down 5-9,12
V
V = factor "verticality" 2-47; 5-11; 6-22, 77
V1, V2, V4 3-27,47,48
validity check 8-15
vase / faces illusion 2-25; 8-39
vector sum 5-19
velocity > Gmt > Glt >Gdt
"veridical" perception 0-19;1-6; 2-45; 6-18,28; 9-9
verticality factor => V
VF = vital (physical) function 10-64
virtual actual genesis (microgenesis) 1-27
virtual line (side)11- 58, 71
virtual orientation 11-71
visual area 3-27,43
visual field 1-17
VM = vital (physical) matter 10-63
W
Wartegg-Zeichentest 5-49
wavelength 1-7,9,22
width / length 5-25; 9-49,53
whole 1-9
Wohlfahrt's discovery 6 II > actual genesis > actual lysis
X
XA-laws 8-19 (AA, dtA, FlA); 8-39 (AA); 8-39, 10-24 (dtA); 10-25,27 (FlA); 11-79 (AA)
Xdl-laws 8-16 (Fldl); 8-23 (dtdl, dldl, Fldl, dmdl); 10-23 (dtdl); 11 I (dldl, dtdl, dmdl, Fldl, Gmldl, Gltdl)
Xdm-laws 6-80 (Fldm); 8-41 (dmdm, Lldm, Fldm); 9-24,45, (dmdm); 9-42 (Gmldm, Fldm); 9-43 (Gmldm); 10-23 (dtdm)
Xdt-laws 8-20 (Adt, dldt, Fldt, Lldt); 11 II (dldt, dtdt, dmdt, Adt, Fldt, Cdt), 11-84 (Cdt)
XFd-laws 10-23 (dtFd)
XFl-laws 8-23 (FlFl, LlFl); 8-31 (dmFl); 8-32 (FlFl, dlFl, dtFl, AFl); 9-15 (LlFl, FlFl); 9-18 (AFl); 9-35,46 (GmlLl); 11-79 (FlFl)
XGml-laws 8-46 (dmGml, LlGml, GmlGml); 9-11,22,48 (LlGml); 9-49 (GmlGml); 9-53 (dmGml)
XLl-laws 8-46 (dmLl, LlLl, GmlLl); 9-9,19,37 (LlLl); 9-24 (dmLl); 9-32,35,46 (GmlLl)
Y
Y =physical matters (Yd, Yl, Ym, Yt) 1-21; 3-23; 7-3; 8-9
Z
Z =physical factors (Zd, Zl, Zm, Zt) 1-21, 1-41; 3-10, 23; 5-9; 7-3; 8-9; 9-22
zero-location 5-9
zero-point on a scale 2-13; 3-17; 10-75
Zöllner illusion 5-35
Zhl, Zhr, Zvd, Zvu 5-38 > Z